Cause
An abnormal reaction of the immune system to the peanut or nut protein.
Age of onset
Usually occurs during the first year or two of life, or whenever peanuts or nuts are first eaten.
Diagnosis
Should be made by a doctor or an allergist who may use several tools, including:
Detailed history
Food challenge
Skin prick test
Blood tests
Symptoms
Reactions to a food typically begin within minutes but may also occur (or reoccur) up to two to four hours after eating and usually last less than one day.
Allergic reactions to food can include any of the following symptoms:
Digestion
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- tingling in the mouth
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
Skin
- Rash
- Itching
- Hives
- Redness
- Eczema
- Swelling
- Change in skin color
Air Passages
- Runny nose, sneezing
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Coughing, choking, gagging
- Nasal congestion
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing
Anaphylaxis
Most peanut/nut allergies are considered potentially anaphylactic. Even a mild peanut/nut allergy can cause anaphylaxis if enough is eaten. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that involves several parts of the body. It can lead to loss of consciousness and death. Immediate medical help is necessary.
Treatment
Be prepared. Carry injectable epinephrine if prescribed and know how to use it. Go to a hospital emergency room for follow-up.
Even very small amounts of peanuts or nuts can cause serious reactions. Complete avoidance of peanuts or nuts, including any food or other product containing peanuts or nuts, is necessary.
Reading food labels for all foods is the key to maintaining control over the allergy. If the product does not have a label, the food should not be eaten.